Suggested Level of Knowlege: Detailed

LOs

IT_GS 1.1 Outline the basic pharmacology of sedative/hypnotic agents (propofol, thiopentone, midazolam, ketamine), inhalational agents, opioids, muscle relaxants, reversal drugs and anti- emetic agents relevant to their clinical practice.

IT_PM 1.4 Outline the basic pharmacology and clinical use of available analgesic agents.

BT_PM 1.9 Describe the pharmacology of the following agents applicable to pain management, including:

· Opioids

· Tramadol

· Local anaesthetic agents (also refer to the Regional and local anaesthesia clinical fundamental)

· NSAIDs

· Paracetamol

· NMDA antagonists

· Anticonvulsants

· Antidepressants

· Corticosteroids ·

Inhalational analgesics - nitrous oxide, methoxyflurane

BT_PM 1.10 Describe the effect of physiological change and pathological disturbance on the pharmacology of the agents listed in learning outcome BT PM 1.9 (Opioids, Tramadol, Local anaesthetic agents,  NSAIDs,  Paracetamol,  NMDA antagonists,  Anticonvulsants,  Antidepressants,  Corticosteroids,  Inhalational analgesics - nitrous oxide,methoxyflurane), with special reference to the elderly

BT_PM 1.27 Describe in detail the pharmacology of ketamine including mode of action, clinical utility, metabolism and toxicity, advantages and disadvantages of different routes of administration

SS_PA 1.54 Describe the pharmacology of agents used for premedication in children, including midazolam, clonidine and ketamine

Past SAQs

2015.2 Discuss the pharmacology of ketamine in acute pain management. Include in your answer the advantages and disadvantages of different routes of administration.

2012.1 Discuss the suitability of ketamine as an intravenous anaesthetic agent

2011.1, 2007.1 Classify non opioid drugs used for the treatment of neuropathic pain and indicate proposed  mechanisms of analgesic action and potential adverse effects.

2011.1 Describe the ideal properties of agents used for sedation using two examples

2008.2 Briefly outline the pharmacology of ketamine with reference to its use as an analgaesic agent in the post-operative period.

2007.1 Discuss the suitability of ketamine as a total intravenous anaesthetic agent in comparison with propofol.

References

NMDA Antagonists